[{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"Article","@id":"https:\/\/www.aukmed.cz\/klady-a-zapory-a-alternativniho-pristupu-montessori\/#Article","mainEntityOfPage":"https:\/\/www.aukmed.cz\/klady-a-zapory-a-alternativniho-pristupu-montessori\/","headline":"Klady a z\u00e1pory a alternativn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu Montessori","name":"Klady a z\u00e1pory a alternativn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu Montessori","description":"Co je alternativn\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed? Alternativn\u00ed \u0161kolou ozna\u010dujeme takov\u00fd typ \u0161koly, kter\u00e1 funguje v\u00a0r\u00e1mci i mimo sektor \u0161kol spravovan\u00fdch st\u00e1tem, a v\u00a0kter\u00fdch se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed nov\u00e9, nestandardn\u00ed formy v\u00fduky, obsahy a metody vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b uplat\u0148ovan\u00e9 v \u201eklasick\u00fdch\u201c \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Z\u00e1kladem vzniku a existence alternativn\u00edch \u0161kol v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je reformn\u00ed pedagogika, kter\u00e1 se za\u010dala utv\u00e1\u0159et koncem 19. stolet\u00ed […]","datePublished":"2020-02-05","dateModified":"2023-05-31","author":{"@type":"Person","@id":"https:\/\/www.aukmed.cz\/author\/#Person","name":"","url":"https:\/\/www.aukmed.cz\/author\/","identifier":1,"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/64d58fab86512053c8bb518a6563e7284bb4a3422dc9af0106c3f39575364c7b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","url":"https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/64d58fab86512053c8bb518a6563e7284bb4a3422dc9af0106c3f39575364c7b?s=96&d=mm&r=g","height":96,"width":96}},"publisher":{"@type":"Organization","name":"aukmed.cz","logo":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"\/logo.png","url":"\/logo.png","width":600,"height":60}},"image":{"@type":"ImageObject","@id":"https:\/\/www.aukmed.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a370950_w4384_t1582617402.jpg","url":"https:\/\/www.aukmed.cz\/wp-content\/uploads\/img_a370950_w4384_t1582617402.jpg","height":0,"width":0},"url":"https:\/\/www.aukmed.cz\/klady-a-zapory-a-alternativniho-pristupu-montessori\/","about":["Vzd\u011bl\u00e1n\u00ed"],"wordCount":616,"articleBody":"Co je alternativn\u00ed \u0161kolstv\u00ed?Alternativn\u00ed \u0161kolou ozna\u010dujeme takov\u00fd typ \u0161koly, kter\u00e1 funguje v\u00a0r\u00e1mci i mimo sektor \u0161kol spravovan\u00fdch st\u00e1tem, a v\u00a0kter\u00fdch se uplat\u0148uj\u00ed nov\u00e9, nestandardn\u00ed formy v\u00fduky, obsahy a metody vzd\u011bl\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed, kter\u00e9 nejsou b\u011b\u017en\u011b uplat\u0148ovan\u00e9 v \u201eklasick\u00fdch\u201c \u0161kol\u00e1ch. Z\u00e1kladem vzniku a existence alternativn\u00edch \u0161kol v\u00a0sou\u010dasnosti je reformn\u00ed pedagogika, kter\u00e1 se za\u010dala utv\u00e1\u0159et koncem 19. stolet\u00ed a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm za\u010d\u00e1tkem 20. stolet\u00ed. Tento koncept vych\u00e1zel z\u00a0my\u0161lenek J. J. Rousseaula, J. J. Pestalozziho a L. N. Tolst\u00e9ho a spole\u010dn\u00fdm a sjednocuj\u00edc\u00edm v\u00fdchodiskem byla p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kritika star\u00e9, tradi\u010dn\u00ed \u0161koly a zm\u011bna postoje k\u00a0d\u00edt\u011bti.Kdy vznikla montessori pedagogikaZa zakladatelku tohoto p\u0159\u00edstupu se pova\u017euje italsk\u00e1 l\u00e9ka\u0159ka, pedago\u017eka, propag\u00e1torka boje za pr\u00e1va d\u011bt\u00ed a \u017een Maria Montessori (1870 \u2013 1952). Hlavn\u00edm mottem pedagogiky Marie Montessori je v\u00fdrok: \u201ePomoz mi, abych to dok\u00e1zal s\u00e1m.\u201c Montessori pedagogika klade d\u016fraz na svobodn\u00fd rozvoj d\u00edt\u011bte a jeho samostatnou \u010dinnost.Hlavn\u00ed my\u0161lenky alternativn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupuK\u00a0z\u00e1kladn\u00edm my\u0161lenk\u00e1m v\u00fduky pat\u0159\u00ed p\u0159izp\u016fsoben\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed tak, aby poskytovalo dostatek podn\u011bcuj\u00edc\u00edch impuls\u016f k\u00a0n\u00e1cviku b\u011b\u017en\u00fdch \u017eivotn\u00edch \u010dinnost\u00ed a sebeobsluhy. Nap\u0159\u00edklad vn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed \u00fapravou pracovn\u00edho prostoru (n\u00ed\u017ee polo\u017een\u00e9 kliky u dve\u0159\u00ed, umyvadla). K\u00a0rozvoji smyslov\u00fdch, rozumov\u00fdch a jazykov\u00fdch schopnost\u00ed existuje soubor didaktick\u00fdch pom\u016fcek \u2013 kostky, v\u00e1le\u010dky, koule, jehlany v\u00a0r\u016fzn\u00fdch barv\u00e1ch a velikostech, skl\u00e1da\u010dky, obr\u00e1zkov\u00e9 abecedy, soubory zv\u00ed\u0159\u00e1tek. Montessori p\u0159\u00edstup vych\u00e1z\u00ed z toho, \u017ee se d\u00edt\u011b dok\u00e1\u017ee pom\u011brn\u011b dlouho koncentrovat na konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed \u010dinnost, tedy \u017ee se v\u011bnuje intenzivn\u011b tomu, co d\u011bl\u00e1 z\u00a0vlastn\u00ed iniciativy.Montessori nen\u00ed pro ka\u017ed\u00e9hoV\u00a0Montessori je v\u0161echno skute\u010dn\u00e9. Tedy \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 \u0161\u00e1lky, d\u011bti pou\u017e\u00edvaly skute\u010dn\u00e9 sklen\u011bn\u00e9 poh\u00e1ry. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 plastov\u00e9 no\u017ee na m\u00e1slo, d\u011bti dostanou opravdu ostr\u00e9 no\u017ee. D\u016fvod? Mus\u00ed se nau\u010dit, \u017ee v\u011bci se m\u016f\u017eou rozb\u00edt. Kdy\u017e jim spadne plastov\u00fd kel\u00edmek, nic se nestane, tud\u00ed\u017e si budou myslet, \u017ee kdy\u017e jim cokoliv upadne, nerozbije se to. Podle m\u00e9ho n\u00e1zoru se jedn\u00e1 o nebezpe\u010dnou metodu. Kdo z\u00a0n\u00e1s by dal t\u0159\u00edlet\u00e9mu d\u00edt\u011bti na hran\u00ed ostr\u00fd n\u016f\u017e nebo skleni\u010dky?Jednou z nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00edch metod Montessori je, \u017ee v\u00fduku mohou ovliv\u0148ovat samy d\u011bti. Pokud n\u011bco d\u00edt\u011b zaj\u00edm\u00e1, m\u016f\u017ee se tomu v\u011bnovat. Nikdo ho nenut\u00ed d\u011blat v\u011bci, o kter\u00e9 nem\u00e1 z\u00e1jem. Jen\u017ee nen\u00ed to pr\u00e1v\u011b k\u00e1men \u00farazu? Nap\u0159\u00edklad \u017e\u00e1k, kter\u00e9mu je dva a p\u016fl roku, um\u00ed bez probl\u00e9m\u016f napsat sv\u00e9 jm\u00e9no, zat\u00edmco jin\u00fd sedmilet\u00fd se podepsat neum\u00ed, proto\u017ee ho to nezaj\u00edm\u00e1, a podle metody Montessori to tud\u00ed\u017e d\u011blat nemus\u00ed, neum\u00ed to. Je spr\u00e1vn\u00e9, \u017ee sedmilet\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b se neum\u00ed podepsat?Co se t\u00fdk\u00e1 vyu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edch, Montessori u\u010ditel\u00e9 by nem\u011bli chv\u00e1lit, ud\u011blovat zn\u00e1mky a opravovat. M\u011bli by jen podporovat d\u011bti v jejich volb\u011b a usm\u011br\u0148ovat jejich rozhodnut\u00ed. V\u0161e je toti\u017e v jejich rukou. My\u0161lenka je takov\u00e1, \u017ee d\u00edt\u011b se bude c\u00edtit \u00fasp\u011b\u0161n\u011b, ani\u017e by ho n\u011bkdo chv\u00e1lil. Ale ruku na srdce, nepot\u0159ebuje \u010das od \u010dasu sly\u0161et pochvalu ka\u017ed\u00fd z\u00a0n\u00e1s?                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                        3.9\/5 - (13 votes)        "},{"@context":"https:\/\/schema.org\/","@type":"BreadcrumbList","itemListElement":[{"@type":"ListItem","position":1,"name":"Klady a z\u00e1pory a alternativn\u00edho p\u0159\u00edstupu Montessori","item":"https:\/\/www.aukmed.cz\/klady-a-zapory-a-alternativniho-pristupu-montessori\/#breadcrumbitem"}]}]